World Tour Stop-3: ALGERIA

Algeria is a country in North Africa, with a long and rich history, diverse geography, vibrant culture and arts, and many tourist attractions. In this article, we will explore some of the aspects that make Algeria a fascinating destination for travelers and learners alike.

History
Algeria’s history dates back to ancient times, when it was inhabited by various indigenous peoples, such as the Berbers, who are also known as Amazigh. The Berbers developed their own language, culture and traditions, and resisted foreign domination by various invaders, such as the Phoenicians, the Romans, the Vandals, the Byzantines, the Arabs, the Ottomans and the French. Algeria was part of the Roman Empire for several centuries, and many Roman ruins can still be seen today, such as the ones in Djémila, Timgad and Tipasa. Algeria also witnessed the rise and spread of Islam in the 7th and 8th centuries, which brought new religious, cultural and political influences to the region. Algeria was ruled by various Arab and Berber dynasties, such as the Almoravids, the Almohads, the Zirids, the Hammadids, the Zayyanids and the Ottomans. Algeria also experienced periods of turmoil and resistance, such as the Berber revolts against Arab rule in the 11th and 12th centuries, and the resistance movements against Ottoman and French colonialism in the 19th and 20th centuries. Algeria fought a bloody war of independence against France from 1954 to 1962, which resulted in the emergence of a sovereign nation-state. Algeria faced many challenges after independence, such as political instability, economic crisis, social unrest and civil war. Algeria also played an important role in regional and international affairs, such as supporting liberation movements in Africa and Asia, participating in the Non-Aligned Movement and the Organization of African Unity (now African Union), and mediating conflicts in Mali, Libya and elsewhere.

Geography
Algeria is the largest country in Africa by land area, covering almost 2.4 million square kilometers. It has a diverse geography that ranges from the Mediterranean coast in the north to the Sahara desert in the south. Algeria has four main geographic regions: the Tell Atlas mountains, which run parallel to the coast and separate it from the high plateaus; the high plateaus or Hauts Plateaux, which are semi-arid plains that extend from Morocco to Tunisia; the Saharan Atlas mountains, which form a barrier between the high plateaus and the desert; and the Sahara desert, which covers more than 80% of Algeria’s territory and contains various landscapes such as sand dunes, oases, salt flats and rocky plateaus. Algeria has a Mediterranean climate in the north, with hot and dry summers and mild and rainy winters. The south has an arid climate, with extreme temperatures and scarce rainfall. Algeria has many natural resources, such as oil, gas, iron ore, phosphate, uranium and gold. Algeria also has a rich biodiversity, with many endemic species of plants and animals.

Culture
Algeria’s culture is a blend of various influences that reflect its history and geography. The main components of Algerian culture are Arab-Islamic heritage,
Berber identity and French legacy. Algeria’s official language is Arabic,
which is spoken by most of the population as a first or second language.
Tamazight (Berber) is also recognized as a national language since 2002,
and is spoken by about 15% of Algerians as their mother tongue.
French is widely used as an educational,
commercial and lingua franca language,
especially in urban areas.
Algeria’s religion is Islam,
which is professed by almost all Algerians as Sunni Muslims.
Islam plays an important role in Algerian society,
as it shapes its values,
norms,
laws
and customs.
However,
Islam in Algeria is also diverse
and tolerant,
as it accommodates different schools of thought
and sects,
such as Maliki,
Ibadi
and Sufi.
Algeria’s family structure is traditionally patriarchal
and extended,
with strong ties among relatives
and clans.
However,
family patterns have changed over time
due to urbanization,
modernization
and migration.
Algerians are known for their hospitality
and generosity,
as they often invite guests
and strangers
to share their meals
and homes.

Arts
Algeria has a rich artistic heritage that spans from prehistoric times to contemporary times. Algeria’s arts include various forms of expression such as literature,
music,
painting,
sculpture,
architecture
and cinema.
Some of Algeria’s most famous artists are:

• Albert Camus,
  a French-Algerian philosopher,
  author
  and journalist who won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1957
  for his works that explore the absurdity
  and meaning of human existence.
  Some of his famous works are The Stranger,
  The Plague
  and The Myth of Sisyphus.
• Mohamed Dib,
  a prominent Algerian novelist,
  poet
  and essayist who is considered one of the founders of modern Algerian literature.
  Some of his famous works are The Big House,
  The Savage Night
  and L.A. Trip.
• Assia Djebar,
  a renowned Algerian feminist writer,
  historian
  and filmmaker who is regarded as one of the most influential voices of Maghreb literature.
  Some of her famous works are Women of Algiers in Their Apartment,
  Fantasia: An Algerian Cavalcade
  and So Vast the Prison.
• Abdallah Benanteur
  and Mohamed Khadda,
  two pioneers of abstract (non-figurative) Algerian art who emigrated to France.
  They were followed by artists such as Mohamed Aksouh,
  Mohamed Louail,
  Abdelkader Guermaz
  and Ali Ali-Khodja.
• Cheb Khaled,
  a popular Algerian singer and songwriter who is known as the \”King of Raï\”,
  a genre of music that originated in Oran and combines traditional Algerian folk music with modern influences such as rock,
  reggae
  and hip hop.
  Some of his famous songs are Didi,
  Aïcha
  and C’est la vie.
• Rachid Bouchareb,
  a acclaimed Algerian film director and producer who has won several international awards for his movies that deal with social and political issues in Algeria and France.
  Some of his famous movies are Days of Glory,
  Outside the Law
  and London River.

Tourist attractions
Algeria has many tourist attractions that appeal to different types of travelers. Some of the most popular tourist attractions are:

• The Casbah of Algiers,
  a UNESCO World Heritage Site that is the historic heart of the capital city and a symbol of Algerian resistance and identity.
  The Casbah is a labyrinth of narrow streets and alleys that contain the remains of the citadel, old mosques, Ottoman-style palaces and traditional houses.
• The Tassili n’Ajjer National Park,
  a UNESCO World Heritage Site that is a vast plateau in the Sahara desert that contains one of the most important collections of prehistoric rock art in the world.
  The rock paintings and engravings depict animals, humans and scenes from different periods, ranging from 12,000 to 1,500 years ago.
• The Roman ruins of Djémila, Timgad and Tipasa,
  three UNESCO World Heritage Sites that are among the best-preserved examples of Roman architecture and urban planning in North Africa.
  They showcase the cultural and artistic achievements of the Roman civilization in Algeria, such as temples, theaters, baths, forums and arches.
• The Hammam Maskhoutine,
  a natural wonder that is located near the city of Guelma in eastern Algeria.
  It is a complex of hot springs and travertine walls that form spectacular shapes and colors due to the deposition of minerals from the water.
• The M’zab Valley,
  a UNESCO World Heritage Site that is located in the northern edge of the Sahara desert.
  It is a unique example of human adaptation to a harsh environment, as it consists of five fortified towns that were built by a Berber sect called the M’zabites in the 11th century.
  The towns have a distinctive architecture and urban design that reflect their religious and social values.

Conclusion
Algeria is a country that offers a lot to discover and enjoy for those who are interested in its history, geography, culture, arts and tourist attractions. Algeria is a country that has faced many challenges and changes, but has also preserved its identity and heritage. Algeria is a country that deserves more attention and appreciation from the world. worldnewsstudio.com/world-tour-stop-3-algeria/ . Related articles https://worldnewsstudio.com/world-tour-stop-2-albania/ https://worldnewsstudio.com/world-tour-stop-1-afghanistan-a-land-of-ancient-beauty-and-resilience/

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